Cerium metal
Cerium is a lively silver-gray metal. Electronic layer
structure [Ce]4f15d16s2. The first ionization energy is 527.4KJ/mol.
It can be burned in the air by scraping with a knife (pure cerium is not
easy to ignite spontaneously, but it is very easy to ignite when it is
slightly oxidized or alloyed with iron); when heated, it burns in the
air to generate cerium dioxide. Can interact with boiling water, soluble
in acid but insoluble in alkali. When subjected to low temperature and
high pressure, a diamagnetic body appears, which is 18% denser than the
ordinary form of cerium. Cerium is the most abundant metal element among
rare earth elements. There are four isotopes: Ce, Ce, Ce, Ce. Ce is a
radioactive alpha emitter with a half-life of 5×10^15 years.
Main purposeedit
1. Used as reducing agent and catalyst.
2. Used as alloy additive, and used in the production of cerium salt,
etc., and also used in medicine, leather making, glass, textile and
other industries. [8]
3. Cerium can be used as catalyst, arc electrode, special glass, etc.
Cerium alloy is resistant to high heat and can be used to make jet
propulsion parts.
Specific examples are as follows:
Environmental protection materials
Cerium is also used as an excellent environmentally friendly material
[9], and the most representative application is a catalyst for purifying
automobile exhaust. Adding cerium to the commonly used noble metal
(platinum, rhodium, palladium, etc.) three-way catalyst can improve the
performance of the catalyst and reduce the amount of noble metal. The
main pollutants of automobile exhaust are carbon monoxide, hydrocarbons
and nitrogen oxides, which can affect human hematopoiesis Functions,
forming photochemical toxic smoke and producing carcinogens, which can
cause damage to humans, animals and plants. The three-way purification
catalytic technology can fully oxidize hydrocarbons and carbon monoxide
to produce carbon dioxide and water, and decompose nitrogen oxides into
nitrogen and oxygen (hence the name three-way catalysis). Noble metals
such as platinum, rhodium and palladium are excellent catalytic
materials for exhaust gas purification. However, they are expensive and
have high requirements on engines and gasoline, which limit their wide
application. Adding cerium to the catalyst can significantly reduce the
amount of precious metals and improve the catalytic performance, so that
the price of the catalytic converter is greatly reduced. In the United
States, automobile exhaust purification catalysts have become the
largest consumer of rare earths. Cerium oxide can also be combined with
nano-titanium oxide to make photocatalysts, which can be used in
antibacterial ceramics and oxygen-rich environment-friendly coatings.
Hazardous metal substitution
Cerium sulfide can replace lead, cadmium and other metals that are
harmful to the environment and humans as a plastic red colorant. It can
also be used in industries such as paint, ink and paper. The French
Rhodia company has the leading technology. Organic compounds such as
cerium-rich light rare earth naphthenates are also used in paint driers,
PVC plastic stabilizers and MC nylon modifiers, etc., which can not only
replace lead salts and other toxic substances, but also reduce drilling
salts, etc. Expensive materials.
Special functional materials
Cerium is also used to make many special functional materials, such as
fluorescent grade cerium oxide green powder (CeMgA111O19:Tb3+) used to
make three primary color phosphors for lamps; Ce:LiSAF laser system
solid-state laser developed in the United States through monitoring
tryptophan Concentration can be used to detect biological weapons and
can also be used in medicine. Metal cerium can be used to make cerium
diamond copper-iron permanent magnet materials; cerium pigeon electrodes
can replace radioactive thorium pigeon electrodes, and so on.
Plant Growth Regulator
Cerium-based light rare earths can be used as plant growth regulators to
improve crop quality, increase yield and increase crop resistance. Used
as a feed additive, it can increase the egg production rate of poultry
and the survival rate of fish and shrimp breeding, and it can also
improve the wool quality of long-haired sheep. Cerium is a low-toxic
substance. It is known as a rare earth monograph in the United States.
Feeding experiments on rats showed that the oral toxicity of cerium-rich
light rare earth oxides is equivalent to oral salt. So far, endemic
diseases caused by rare earths have not been found in rare earth-rich
areas. Chinese scientists believe through a large number of experimental
studies that the agricultural use of rare earths will not cause
environmental pollution and will not harm the survival of humans and
animals.
.
.
Cerium is a lively silver-gray metal. Electronic layer
structure [Ce]4f15d16s2. The first ionization energy is 527.4KJ/mol.
It can be burned in the air by scraping with a knife (pure cerium is not
easy to ignite spontaneously, but it is very easy to ignite when it is
slightly oxidized or alloyed with iron); when heated, it burns in the
air to generate cerium dioxide. Can interact with boiling water, soluble
in acid but insoluble in alkali. When subjected to low temperature and
high pressure, a diamagnetic body appears, which is 18% denser than the
ordinary form of cerium. Cerium is the most abundant metal element among
rare earth elements. There are four isotopes: Ce, Ce, Ce, Ce. Ce is a
radioactive alpha emitter with a half-life of 5×10^15 years.
Main purposeedit
1. Used as reducing agent and catalyst.
2. Used as alloy additive, and used in the production of cerium salt,
etc., and also used in medicine, leather making, glass, textile and
other industries. [8]
3. Cerium can be used as catalyst, arc electrode, special glass, etc.
Cerium alloy is resistant to high heat and can be used to make jet
propulsion parts.
Specific examples are as follows:
Environmental protection materials
Cerium is also used as an excellent environmentally friendly material
[9], and the most representative application is a catalyst for purifying
automobile exhaust. Adding cerium to the commonly used noble metal
(platinum, rhodium, palladium, etc.) three-way catalyst can improve the
performance of the catalyst and reduce the amount of noble metal. The
main pollutants of automobile exhaust are carbon monoxide, hydrocarbons
and nitrogen oxides, which can affect human hematopoiesis Functions,
forming photochemical toxic smoke and producing carcinogens, which can
cause damage to humans, animals and plants. The three-way purification
catalytic technology can fully oxidize hydrocarbons and carbon monoxide
to produce carbon dioxide and water, and decompose nitrogen oxides into
nitrogen and oxygen (hence the name three-way catalysis). Noble metals
such as platinum, rhodium and palladium are excellent catalytic
materials for exhaust gas purification. However, they are expensive and
have high requirements on engines and gasoline, which limit their wide
application. Adding cerium to the catalyst can significantly reduce the
amount of precious metals and improve the catalytic performance, so that
the price of the catalytic converter is greatly reduced. In the United
States, automobile exhaust purification catalysts have become the
largest consumer of rare earths. Cerium oxide can also be combined with
nano-titanium oxide to make photocatalysts, which can be used in
antibacterial ceramics and oxygen-rich environment-friendly coatings.
Hazardous metal substitution
Cerium sulfide can replace lead, cadmium and other metals that are
harmful to the environment and humans as a plastic red colorant. It can
also be used in industries such as paint, ink and paper. The French
Rhodia company has the leading technology. Organic compounds such as
cerium-rich light rare earth naphthenates are also used in paint driers,
PVC plastic stabilizers and MC nylon modifiers, etc., which can not only
replace lead salts and other toxic substances, but also reduce drilling
salts, etc. Expensive materials.
Special functional materials
Cerium is also used to make many special functional materials, such as
fluorescent grade cerium oxide green powder (CeMgA111O19:Tb3+) used to
make three primary color phosphors for lamps; Ce:LiSAF laser system
solid-state laser developed in the United States through monitoring
tryptophan Concentration can be used to detect biological weapons and
can also be used in medicine. Metal cerium can be used to make cerium
diamond copper-iron permanent magnet materials; cerium pigeon electrodes
can replace radioactive thorium pigeon electrodes, and so on.
Plant Growth Regulator
Cerium-based light rare earths can be used as plant growth regulators to
improve crop quality, increase yield and increase crop resistance. Used
as a feed additive, it can increase the egg production rate of poultry
and the survival rate of fish and shrimp breeding, and it can also
improve the wool quality of long-haired sheep. Cerium is a low-toxic
substance. It is known as a rare earth monograph in the United States.
Feeding experiments on rats showed that the oral toxicity of cerium-rich
light rare earth oxides is equivalent to oral salt. So far, endemic
diseases caused by rare earths have not been found in rare earth-rich
areas. Chinese scientists believe through a large number of experimental
studies that the agricultural use of rare earths will not cause
environmental pollution and will not harm the survival of humans and
animals.
.
.
|
|
|